multi body dynamics

Multi body system is the study of the dynamic behavior of interconnected rigid or flexible bodies, each of which may undergo large translational and rotational displacements.

The systematic treatment of the dynamic behavior of interconnected bodies has led to a large number of important multi body formalisms in the field of mechanics. The simplest bodies or elements of a multi body system were treated by Newton (free particle) and Euler (rigid body). Euler introduced reaction forces between bodies. Later, a series of formalisms were derived, only to mention Lagrange’s formalisms based on minimal coordinates and a second formulation that introduces constraints.

Basically, the motion of bodies is described by their kinematic behavior. The dynamic behavior results from the equilibrium of applied forces and the rate of change of momentum. Nowadays, the term multi body system is related to a large number of engineering fields of research, especially in robotics and vehicle dynamics. As an important feature, multi body system formalisms usually offer an algorithmic, computer-aided way to model, analyze, simulate and optimize the arbitrary motion of possibly thousands of interconnected bodies.

Applications

While single bodies or parts of a mechanical system are studied in detail with finite element methods, the behavior of the whole multi body system is usually studied with multi body system methods within the following areas:

·         Aerospace engineering (helicopter, landing gears, behavior of machines under different gravity conditions)

·         Biomechanics

·         Combustion engine, gears and transmissions, chain drive, belt drive

·         Dynamic simulation* Vehicle simulation (vehicle dynamics, rapid prototyping of vehicles, improvement of stability, comfort optimization, improvement of efficiency, ...)

·         Hoist, conveyor, paper mill

·         Military applications

·         Particle simulation (granular media, sand, molecules)

·         Physics engine

·         Robotics

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