CAD/CAE/CFD

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD) IS THE USE OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS TO ASSIST IN THE CREATION, MODIFICATION, ANALYSIS, OR OPTIMIZATION OF A DESIGN. CAD SOFTWARE IS USED TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE DESIGNER, IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DESIGN, IMPROVE COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH DOCUMENTATION, AND TO CREATE A DATABASE FOR MANUFACTURING. CAD OUTPUT IS OFTEN IN THE FORM OF ELECTRONIC FILES FOR PRINT, MACHINING, OR OTHER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS.

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN IS USED IN MANY FIELDS. ITS USE IN DESIGNING ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS IS KNOWN AS ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION, OR EDA. IN MECHANICAL DESIGN IT IS KNOWN AS MECHANICAL DESIGN AUTOMATION (MDA) OR COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING (CAD), WHICH INCLUDES THE PROCESS OF CREATING A TECHNICAL DRAWING WITH THE USE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE.

CAD SOFTWARE FOR MECHANICAL DESIGN USES EITHER VECTOR-BASED GRAPHICS TO DEPICT THE OBJECTS OF TRADITIONAL DRAFTING, OR MAY ALSO PRODUCE RASTER GRAPHICS SHOWING THE OVERALL APPEARANCE OF DESIGNED OBJECTS. HOWEVER, IT INVOLVES MORE THAN JUST SHAPES. AS IN THE MANUAL DRAFTING OF TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, THE OUTPUT OF CAD MUST CONVEY INFORMATION, SUCH AS MATERIALS, PROCESSES, DIMENSIONS, AND TOLERANCES, ACCORDING TO APPLICATION-SPECIFIC CONVENTIONS.

CAD MAY BE USED TO DESIGN CURVES AND FIGURES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) SPACE; OR CURVES, SURFACES, AND SOLIDS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) SPACE.

CAD IS AN IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL ART EXTENSIVELY USED IN MANY APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING AUTOMOTIVE, SHIPBUILDING, AND AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES, INDUSTRIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, PROSTHETICS, AND MANY MORE. CAD IS ALSO WIDELY USED TO PRODUCE COMPUTER ANIMATION FOR SPECIAL EFFECTS IN MOVIES, ADVERTISING AND TECHNICAL MANUALS, OFTEN CALLED DCC DIGITAL CONTENT CREATION. THE MODERN UBIQUITY AND POWER OF COMPUTERS MEANS THAT EVEN PERFUME BOTTLES AND SHAMPOO DISPENSERS ARE DESIGNED USING TECHNIQUES UNHEARD OF BY ENGINEERS OF THE 1960S. BECAUSE OF ITS ENORMOUS ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, CAD HAS BEEN A MAJOR DRIVING FORCE FOR RESEARCH IN COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY,COMPUTER GRAPHICS (BOTH HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE), AND DISCRETE DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY.

COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING (CAE) IS THE BROAD USAGE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TO AID IN ENGINEERING ANALYSIS TASKS. IT INCLUDESFINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (FEA), COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD), MULTIBODY DYNAMICS (MBD), AND OPTIMIZATION.

Software tools that have been developed to support these activities are considered CAE tools. CAE tools are being used, for example, to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies. The term encompasses simulation, validation, and optimization of products and manufacturing tools. In the future, CAE systems will be major providers of information to help support design teams in decision making.

In regard to information networks, CAE systems are individually considered a single node on a total information network and each node may interact with other nodes on the network.

CAE systems can provide support to businesses. This is achieved by the use of reference architectures and their ability to place information views on the business process. Reference architecture is the basis from which information model, especially product and manufacturing models.

The term CAE has also been used by some in the past to describe the use of computer technology within engineering in a broader sense than just engineering analysis. It was in this context that the term was coined by Jason Lemon, founder of SDRC in the late 1970s. This definition is however better known today by the terms CAx and PLM.

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